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In this section, we will explore the practical aspects of transforming your DIY hobbies into sustainable, small-scale businesses in depth. By exploring suggestions, ideas, and articles, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding and stimulate debate on the topic. The ultimate goal is to prepare a small business plan for a hobby DIY business using a customised template of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) concept, which we have customised for a person in retirement who is considering transforming their hobby into a sustainable small-scale business.

What is the Business Model Canvas?

You have probably heard of a business model. It is a company’s plan for making a profit. It encompasses everything from the products or services a company offers to the customers it targets to the financial mechanisms that make the company profitable.

Here is a video that provides a simple explanation of business models!

There are several ways to describe a business model, one of which is the Business Model Canvas (BMC). The BMC is an innovative and easy-to-use tool designed to simplify this concept. It provides a visual framework that helps you see all aspects of your business at a glance, organised into nine key components. This one-page business plan is particularly useful for small-scale businesses, as it helps clarify and organise ideas in a structured and straightforward manner. As it is a tool used to draft a business plan, the BMC helps you visualise and understand the different components of your business before writing a formal plan.

Here is what the BMC looks like!

Ein Bild, das Text, Screenshot, parallel, Diagramm enthält.

Automatisch generierte Beschreibung

The BMC is divided into nine blocks, each representing a fundamental aspect of your business. To understand how the concept works, let’s present each block, taking as an example a business idea of a retired individual who grows vegetables and sells them in their community while also maintaining a video blog and social media presence.

Block 1: Customer segments

Customer segments are the different groups of people or organisations that your business aims to reach and serve. Identifying these segments helps tailor your products and marketing strategies to meet the specific needs of each group. For example, if you are producing and selling vegetables at a local market, your customer segments might include health-conscious individuals, families seeking fresh produce, local restaurants looking for seasonal ingredients, and those who support local farmers. Additionally, your social media followers who are interested in gardening and sustainable living are valuable segments.

Tip: Think about who would be most interested in your product or service. Use social media and online communities to engage with potential customers and gather feedback.

Block 2: Value proposition

The value proposition describes the unique value your product or service delivers to customers. It explains why customers should choose your offering over competitors. What problems do you solve, or what desires do you fulfil? For instance, if you are selling vegetables, your value proposition could be providing fresh, locally grown, organic produce that is healthier and tastier than supermarket alternatives. You could also emphasise the environmental benefits of buying local produce. Diamond with solid fill

Tip: What makes your product or service unique and desirable? Create a clear and concise value proposition statement. Test it with your target audience. Ask a friend or a family member for feedback.

Block 3: Channels

Channels are the means through which you deliver your value proposition to your customers. This section outlines how you’ll reach your customers. Will you sell online, at local markets, through word-of-mouth, or a combination of these? In the case of selling vegetables, your primary channel would likely be the local farmers’ market. You could also consider setting up a small stand by the road or in-front of your house (if local laws allow it) or partnering with local (small) grocery stores or restaurants. Additionally, your video blog and social media platforms like Facebook are important channels for engaging with your community, promoting your produce, and sharing educational content. Fork In Road outline

Tip: Choose the most effective ways to reach your target customers. Start with a few channels where your target audience is most active. Monitor their effectiveness and adjust as needed.

Block 4: Customer relationships

Customer relationships describe the type of relationship you establish with each customer segment. It includes how you interact with customers throughout their journey with your business. How will you interact with your customers? Will you offer personalised service, build a community around your brand, or focus on efficient transactions? For a vegetable vendor, building personal relationships with customers at the farmers’ market is crucial. You could offer recipe suggestions, gardening tips, or even host tasting events to engage your customers. You can do this in your blog or on your social media account. User with solid fill

Tip: Focus on building strong, lasting relationships with your customers. You have to be consistent with your social media content.

Block 5: Revenue streams

Revenue streams represent the ways in which your business generates income. They detail how your business earns money from each customer segment. This is where you’ll identify how your business will generate income. Will you sell products, offer services, or both? For a vegetable business, your primary revenue stream would be the sales of your produce. You could also explore additional revenue streams like selling seedlings, offering gardening workshops, or creating and selling value-added products like jams or pickles. Euro with solid fill

Tip: Make sure you diversify your revenue streams and determine the most profitable ways to make money of your hobby.

Block 6: Key resources

Key resources are the essential assets required to deliver your value proposition. This could include your skills, equipment, inventory, or even your home if you’re operating a home-based business. For a vegetable producer, key resources would include land or garden space, gardening tools and equipment, seeds, compost, and other gardening supplies. For the video blog, a good camera and stable internet connection are essential.

Tip: Identify the essential assets you need to run your business.

Block 7: Key activities

Key activities are the crucial actions your business must take to operate successfully. These activities directly relate to creating and delivering your value proposition. For example, if you are a vegetable producer, key activities include planting, harvesting and marketing the vegetables, maintaining the garden, and creating content for the video blog. Regularly interacting with customers, managing sales, and promoting your business on social media are also important activities.

Tip: Focus on and list only the core tasks that drive your business forward.

Block 8: Key partnerships

Key partnerships are the external organisations or people that can help your business succeed. These partnerships can include suppliers, collaborators, etc. In this section, you have tо identify external organisations and individuals who can support your business. For example, key partnerships might include local farmers’ markets, health food stores, and community organisations that support sustainable living. Collaborating with other local gardeners or influencers can help expand your reach and share resources.

Tip: Collaborate with others to expand your reach and resources.

Block 9: Costs

The cost structure describes the major costs involved in operating your business. It includes fixed and variable costs that are necessary to run your business. This could include the cost of materials, marketing expenses, website hosting fees, or any other expenses you incur. For a vegetable business, costs might include seeds, compost, water, tools, packaging materials, and transportation costs to the market.

Tip: Collaborate with others to expand your reach and resources.

Each of these building blocks can be transformed into a task that you need to complete now so that you can evaluate and fine-tune your business idea. If something doesn’t work, there’s a big chance you’ll catch it here rather than later when you have already invested time and resources. For example, if you’re struggling to identify your target customers or articulate your value proposition, it might be a sign that you need to refine your business idea or explore a different niche. Similarly, if you’re having trouble identifying key resources or activities, it could indicate that your business model is not yet feasible or sustainable.

By working through each block of the Business Model Canvas, you can gain a deeper understanding of your business and identify potential challenges before you invest too much time or money. This process can help you make informed decisions, develop effective strategies, and increase your chances of success.

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You now know the sustainable DIY practice you want to realise and show the world. You also know the benefits of this best practice, its history, and its links with your own personal story and interests and with the long or more recent cultural traditions of your region. We have also discovered the world of videography and have a first impression of what we mean by producing, filming, and editing. We are now ready to start planning our videos.

Preparing our tools

Preparation of tools necessary to carry out the DIY practice we want to film: materials, equipment, etc
Preparation for filming includes your smartphone, an improvised stand or tripod, courage, and—why not?—good company.
Preparation of your script-storyboard: A notebook or a paper, pen, and pencil sheet. You can also find the ready-made printable document below.

But how can we create our script and storyboard? To do this, we first have to understand what these terms mean. Then, we will see how we can prepare them together in a single document in an easy way that will help us visualise the transition of our project from paper to action.

Script

The script is a written plan for your video idea. It describes action—what happens—and dialogue—what is said—in each scene of the video. Whether you’re a famous director or a Seniors4Change participant, you will still need a script, not only to give shape to your vision but also to guide you into better organising and preparing for your shooting day(s).

If you choose to include speech in your video, it is a smart idea to read your text out loud many times so that you can modify difficult parts fluidly.

If you choose to make a video without talking, writing spoken dialogue will not be necessary. Matching actions with images will suffice.

Storyboard

So what about planning the images? This is the time to talk about the storyboard, another step towards giving shape to your video. The storyboard allows you to plan filming scene by scene, shot by shot. Its main role is to give a first idea of the shot that you have in mind by drawing it and describing what the drawing represents. For this reason, it consists of a series of squares on a sheet of paper, with a writing space next to each.

Storyboard creation

To ease our procedure, we suggest including the script in the format of the storyboard. We will, therefore, include our actions and dialogue in the box next to each drawing. You will find just below the link to a printable PDF version of a storyboard template that we suggest, but you can also draw your own version of one on a sheet of paper. Link

Depending on how detailed your storyboard is, you can use either six or eight boxes. You are also free to use as many boxes as you like and to draw or print multiple versions. Of course, you don’t need to be an artist to draw a storyboard. Stick figures and basic shapes are all you need! Each panel describes a camera angle or shot so you know when you need to change focus and so that you remember what happens or is said in every shot. Before we start drawing our storyboard, we need to have some ideas about some important camera shots:

The establishing shot: This shot is usually used at the very beginning to give an idea of the general setting and position in the story. It often opens a feature film or is used when the plot changes location. It is usually a wide/long shot. This could be a shot of the filming site and tools/equipment from afar.
Medium shot: The character or object is the focal point, with some background.
Close-up: The camera zooms in, and the figure or object occupies all the space.
Extreme close-up: The shot focuses on a character’s face or an important detail of an object.

Basic camera shots

But how can we move from theory to practice and complete our storyboard?

To do this, we will facilitate our task by trying to go through our DIY practice once before starting filming. During the preparation and implementation, try to take notes on what you do. Remember! Sometimes, we act automatically without thinking about what exactly we are doing. But our script will have to include this information to help us prepare for filming! For this reason, after finishing this first try, use your notes to create, complete, or correct your script & storyboard.

For every new shot that you identify, draw in a new box. Next to your drawing, write any action that takes place or any text you want to be reading during this shot. An example:

Establishing shot: the room, filming site or outdoor space from a long distance
Medium shot: the preparation space/surface with all your tools and equipment
Close-up: Hands that grab one of the tools to start the action
Medium shot: Your upper body and hands are in the plan; you look into the camera or combine different tools and materials, etc.

This is an example of how to organise the first shots of your video, and you can imagine many more! Designing your script and storyboard will make the filming procedure much more effortless. If you count on filming with a friend, you can check your finished document before starting to be confident and ready to place your smartphone and start/stop your camera.

Bear this in mind:

Even if it is an enjoyable exercise, keep in mind that you will afterwards have to do what you now draw. So we suggest that you don’t plan too many shot changes, as it will be harder to accomplish when actually filming.
Even if all camera shots can be beautiful, the ones that are the most relevant and useful for our type of project are the establishing shot (to start with), the medium shot (for most of the video) and the close-up (for details).
Even if we will not film during this first try, it’s probably time for us to be sure to know how to find and use our smartphone camera.

Where to find your camera application on Android:

The appearance of the Camera application on Android varies depending on your smartphone. It is usually represented by a camera or a camera lens.
By default, the application is in Photo mode. To switch from Photo mode to Movie mode, click on Video at the bottom of the screen to the left of Photo.

Camera App on Android

Where to find your camera application on iPhone:

The Camera application can be accessed on your smartphone by the icon of a black camera on a grey background.
By default, the application is in Photo mode. To switch from Photo mode to Movie mode, click on Video at the bottom of the screen to the left of Photo.

Camera App on Iphone

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Basics of creating social media accounts

Creating and managing a social media account is quite easy, as long as the user has a clear understanding of each step.

To begin, choose which social media platform you want to join. Popular choices include TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook, each offering unique features and benefits as explained above. Taking into consideration your preferences and what each platform is best for (e.g., Instagram for photos, TikTok for short videos, and YouTube for larger videos) choose the platform that best suits your interests and goals. Once you’ve decided on a platform, visit its website or download the app from your device’s app store.

Visit website or download the app

Start the account creation process by clicking on the “Sign Up” or “Create Account” button. You’ll be prompted to enter some basic information such as your name, email address, and a password. Some platforms may also require you to provide a phone number for verification purposes.

Account creation

After entering your basic information, you’ll need to set up your profile. This typically involves uploading a profile picture and writing a short bio or description about yourself. Your profile picture should be clear and friendly, helping people recognise you. Your bio should provide a brief summary of who you are. For instance, on Instagram, it could outline your personal interests or hobbies. Additionally, you may be asked to provide other information such as your location, birthday, and personal interests, which can help personalise your experience on the platform. You are not obliged to share this personal information in case you don’t want to.

Managing your social media account

Once your account is set up, managing it effectively will help you get the most out of your social media experience. Posting content at optimal times is important for staying active and engaging with your network. Regularly share updates, photos, videos, and articles that are relevant and interesting. Whether you’re sharing a personal milestone, a beautiful photo, or an insightful article, make sure your content is engaging. Timing significantly impacts how many people see and interact with your posts thus, you will identify the best times to post on different platforms based on when users are most active, helping you maximise your reach and engagement.

Best times to post on Facebook and Instagram in 2024 – Figure from sproutsocial.com

Interacting with others is another important aspect of managing your account. Engage with your friends, family, and followers by texting, liking, commenting on, and sharing their posts. This interaction not only strengthens your online connections but also increases your visibility on the platform.

It’s also essential to periodically review and update your profile information. As your life changes, so should your profile on social media platforms. Keep your bio and profile picture current, and ensure your privacy settings still align with your comfort level.

Additionally, monitor the security of your account. Be cautious of suspicious messages or friend requests from people you don’t know and report any suspicious activity to the platform. Regularly update your password and review your security settings to protect your account from unauthorised access.

By following these steps, you can create a vivid and secure social media presence that allows you to connect, share, and engage with others. Social media can be a powerful tool for staying connected with friends and family, exploring new interests, and engaging with a broader community.

Creating engaging posts

Engaging on social media requires thoughtful content creation that resonates with your interests and preferences. Here are some best practices for creating posts that captivate and inspire:

Clear and concise messaging: Keep your posts concise and easy to understand. People on social media prefer straightforward language and visuals that are simple yet impactful.
Visual appeal: Incorporate visually appealing elements such as photos, videos, and graphics to enhance your posts. Visual content tends to grab attention and is more likely to resonate with other seniors. Ensure that images are clear, high-quality, and relevant to your message.
Personalisation: Tailor your content to resonate with the interests and preferences of your audience. Share stories, anecdotes, or memories that evoke emotions and foster connections.
Interactive content: Encourage interaction and engagement by including interactive elements in your posts. Ask questions, pose polls, or create quizzes to spark conversation and invite participation. Others appreciate opportunities to share their opinions and experiences.
Inclusive language: Use inclusive language that respects everyone’s diverse backgrounds, experiences, and identities. Avoid stereotypes or assumptions and instead focus on creating content that is inclusive and respectful to all.
Consistency: Maintain a consistent posting schedule to keep your audience engaged and informed. Regular updates help to make everyone anticipate your content and stay connected with your brand or message over time.

By following these best practices, you can create engaging and meaningful social media posts and create positive interactions. Remember to listen to feedback from your audience and adapt your content strategy accordingly to ensure continued engagement and connection.

Understanding privacy settings and safety tips

After creating your profile, understanding privacy settings and following safety tips is crucial to protect your personal information and maintain a secure online presence.

Privacy settings

Each social media platform offers a variety of privacy settings that allow you to control who can see your posts, interact with you, and access your personal information. It’s important to familiarise yourself with these settings to ensure your account is as private as you want it to be.

Start by accessing the privacy settings menu on the platform you are using. This can usually be found in the account settings or a similar section. Here, you can adjust who can see your profile information, such as your bio, photos, and posts. Most platforms allow you to choose between options such as “Public,” “Friends,” “Friends of Friends,” or “Only Me”. Selecting “Friends” ensures that only people you have accepted as friends can view your posts and personal information.

Review your post visibility settings to control who can see the content you share. Some platforms allow you to set the audience for each individual post, giving you flexibility in how you share information. Additionally, check the settings for past posts to make sure that older content aligns with your current privacy preferences.

Another important step is managing your friends or followers list. Keep in mind that it is important to regularly review and update your connections, removing people you no longer want to have access to your profile. Just visit their profiles and click the “Friends” or “Following” button. In some cases, different options will appear such as “Mute”, “Restrict”, “Unfriend”, “Unfollow”. If you simply want to remove someone from your friends/followers list you can just click the “Unfriend” or “Unfollow” button. In some social media platforms, such as Instagram, if you want to remove people that follow you, you have to visit your profile and click your “followers” list. Find the person you no longer want to follow you and simply click “Remove” button.

Safety tips

Besides adjusting and personalising your privacy settings, here are some basic safety tips to always keep in mind while being online.

Use strong passwords:

Create strong and unique passwords for your social media accounts. A strong password typically includes a combination of small and capital letters, numbers, and characters. Avoid using information that pinpoints the user, or is easily identifiable such as birthdays, names or any sequences. Moreover, you are advised to avoid using the same password for all your social media accounts.

Enable two-factor authentication:

Two-factor authentication (2FA), also known as two-step verification or dual-factor authentication, is a security measure where users must provide two distinct authentication factors, such as phone number, to confirm their identity. Two-factor authentication employs a second means of identification, such as a code that is sent to the user’s phone, to verify the identity of the person logging in and provide users with extra protection. This helps prevent unauthorised access to your account.

Figure from www.imperva.com

Be cautious with personal information:

Avoid sharing sensitive personal information such as your home address, phone number, or financial details on social media. Be mindful of the information you share in your posts and photos, as well as in your profile.

Recognise and avoid scams:

Be aware of suspicious messages, links, and friend requests from people you don’t know. Scammers, people who make money by implementing illegal methods and especially by tricking people according to Cambridge dictionary (n.d.), often use social media to trick users into providing personal information or clicking on malicious links. If something seems too good to be true, it probably is. Report any suspicious activity to the platform.

Examples of scams:

Example 1: Lottery or Prize Scams. You receive a message claiming you’ve won a large sum of money or a valuable prize, but to claim it, you need to provide your personal details or pay a small fee. Remember, if you didn’t enter a lottery or contest, you cannot win it. Legitimate lotteries and contests will never ask for money to claim a prize.
Example 2: Romance Scams. A stranger sends you a friend request and quickly forms a close relationship with you. They share a dramatic story and ask for money to help them with a personal crisis, like medical bills or travel expenses. Be cautious of anyone who asks for money or personal information, especially if you haven’t met them in person.
Example 3: Tech Support Scams. You receive a phone call, email, or pop-up message claiming to be from a well-known tech company, saying your computer has a virus. The scammer will ask you to provide remote access to your computer or pay for a software solution. Genuine tech companies will not contact you in this way; if you are concerned about your computer’s security, contact a trusted local technician.

There are several common methods that scammers use to trick and deceive other people. It is important to always be aware of scammers and critically evaluate any new interactions.

Regularly review privacy settings:

Social media platforms frequently update their privacy policies and settings. Regularly review and update your privacy settings to ensure they still meet your needs and take advantage of any new security features.

By understanding and adjusting your privacy settings and following these safety tips, you can enjoy a safer and more secure social media experience. Protecting your personal information helps prevent unwanted access and keeps your online interactions positive and enjoyable.

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In 2015, the United Nations (UN) and its member states developed a strategy for sustainable development. This is “[…] a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future” (United Nations). The strategy will run for 15 years, which ends in 2030 and is called Agenda 2030. 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 subgoals were developed to ensure sustainable economic, social, and ecological development. The five key messages are people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership („5 Ps“). And the rule is: Leave no one behind!

The central aspects of the goals are the advancement of economic growth, the reduction of disparities in living standards, the creation of equal opportunities, and the sustainable management of natural resources. It is about transforming economies toward sustainable development, for example, through responsible consumption and production patterns as well as clean and affordable energy. It becomes clear that climate policy, sustainable development and poverty reduction are inextricably intertwined.

What SDGs does the Seniors4Change project address?

Four critical Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that directly impact our global community are SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages. This goal addresses various health issues, including communicable diseases, maternal and child health, mental health, and access to essential healthcare services. Achieving this goal requires investing in healthcare infrastructure, promoting preventive measures, and ensuring universal access to quality healthcare services.

SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities focuses on making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. This goal addresses challenges such as urbanisation, inadequate housing, air pollution, and lack of basic services in urban areas. To achieve SDG 11, efforts are needed to improve urban planning, upgrade slums, enhance access to affordable housing and transportation, and create green and public spaces.

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production promotes sustainable consumption and production patterns. This goal emphasises the need to decouple economic growth from resource use and environmental degradation. Achieving SDG 12 involves reducing waste generation, increasing resource efficiency, promoting sustainable lifestyles, and ensuring the sustainable management of natural resources throughout their life cycle.

SDG 13: Climate Action addresses the urgent need to combat climate change and its impacts. This goal calls for measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to climate change impacts, and build resilience to climate-related hazards. To achieve SDG 13, countries must strengthen climate policies, invest in renewable energy sources, promote sustainable land use practices, and enhance climate resilience in vulnerable communities.

By working towards these SDGs, governments, organisations, and individuals can contribute to building a more sustainable and equitable world for current and future generations.

How do DIYs promote creativity, social connection, affordability, and eco-consciousness?

Firstly, DIYs encourage creativity by allowing individuals to express themselves through hands-on activities. Seniors often find joy and fulfilment in exploring their creative sides through crafting, woodworking, gardening, or other DIY endeavours. This creative expression enhances cognitive function and promotes emotional well-being and a sense of accomplishment.

Secondly, DIY projects offer avenues for socialisation and community engagement, vital for seniors’ mental and emotional health. Participating in group activities like crafting circles, community garden projects, or repair workshops fosters connections with peers and strengthens social bonds. These interactions combat feelings of loneliness and isolation often experienced by seniors, promoting overall well-being and a sense of belonging.

Moreover, DIYs can be a cost-effective alternative to purchasing new items or hiring repair professionals. Seniors with fixed incomes or limited financial resources can benefit significantly from learning DIY skills to maintain and improve their living spaces. By repurposing materials, refurbishing furniture, or growing their food, seniors can save money while reducing their environmental footprint.

In terms of environmental sustainability, DIY projects promote resourcefulness and waste reduction. By reusing materials, upcycling old items, or repurposing household goods, seniors can minimise their consumption of new resources and divert items from landfills. For example, repurposing old clothing into quilts or turning household containers into planters reduces waste and contributes to a more sustainable lifestyle.

Case studies further highlight the impact of DIY projects on seniors and sustainability. For instance, a community garden initiative involving seniors provides fresh produce for participants, fosters a sense of community, and promotes sustainable agriculture practices. Similarly, a repair café where seniors share their skills in fixing household items extends the lifespan of those products and reduces the demand for new replacements, thus decreasing environmental impact.

In summary, DIYs hold immense significance for seniors and sustainability by fostering creativity, socialisation, affordability, and environmental consciousness. Through hands-on projects and community engagement, seniors can enhance their well-being while contributing to a more sustainable future for generations.

Case Studies and Best Practices

In a previous stage of the project, we diligently gathered best practices from various partner countries. These practices shed light on the sustainable habits already embraced by seniors in their daily lives. Below, you’ll find an overview of the practices identified, showcasing the innovative ways seniors contribute to a greener and more sustainable future. Let’s explore the knowledge and inspiration gleaned from this collaborative effort.

Community gardens/Shared urban gardening: These initiatives provide spaces where community members can collectively grow fruits, vegetables, and herbs. They foster a sense of belonging, promote sustainable food production, and encourage healthy eating habits.
Repair cafés: Repair cafés offer a supportive environment for individuals to learn repair skills and fix broken items like electronics, clothing, and furniture. By extending the lifespan of products, they promote resource conservation and reduce waste sent to landfills.
Foodsharing/Foodsaving: These movements aim to minimise food waste by redistributing surplus food from businesses and households to those in need. Whether through community fridges, food banks, or online platforms, they help address food insecurity while promoting sustainability.
Handicrafts: Engaging in handicrafts allows individuals to create unique, handmade items while promoting creativity and self-expression. Handicrafts contribute to cultural preservation and sustainable consumption practices by supporting local artisans and traditional crafting techniques.
- Woodwork: Woodworking involves crafting objects from wood using sustainable materials and techniques. By creating durable and long-lasting wooden products, woodworking promotes resource efficiency and reduces the environmental impact of furniture and construction.
- Knitting/Crocheting: Knitting and crocheting are textile crafts that enable individuals to create clothing, accessories, and home decor items using yarn or thread. By producing handmade items, knitting and crocheting promote sustainability by reducing reliance on mass-produced goods and supporting local fibre producers.
- Upcycling: Upcycling involves repurposing discarded or unused materials to create new, higher-value products. It encourages creativity, reduces waste, and promotes sustainable consumption by giving new life to old items.
Zero Waste/Recycling: Zero waste and recycling initiatives aim to minimise waste generation and maximise resource recovery. They involve composting organic waste, recycling materials, and reducing single-use items to minimise environmental impact and conserve resources.

Hashtags
#DIYProjects	#DIYFurniture	#Woodworking	#DIYWorkshop
#DIYCrafts	#Artsandcrafts	#Metalworking	#DIYVideoTutorials
#DIYIdeas	#DIYArt	#Upcycling	#DIYTutorials
#DIYIdeas	#Gardening	#RecycledCrafts	#DIYCommunity
#DoItYourself	#Composting	#Crochet	#DIYSeniors

Keywords and Phrases
Gardening Tips	Handicrafts	Upcycling Projects	Creative Drawings
Pottery and Ceramics	Art Projects for Seniors	Gardening and Plants	Home Improvement
Woodworking	Crochet Patterns	Home Repairs	Urban gardening